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Student engagement and interest are critical components of the learning process, as they directly influence students’ academic success and motivation. When students are engaged, they are more likely to actively participate in lessons, invest time and effort into their studies, and demonstrate perseverance in the face of challenges. Interest sparks curiosity and a desire to explore subjects further, helping students to connect emotionally and intellectually with the material. This paper explored the instructional management strategies that college mathematics teachers employ to encourage students to learn mathematics in classrooms. College teachers (n=16) were purposively sampled to be interviewed in this study. Narratives were collected and analyzed to extract recurring themes within their experiences. Findings indicated that students often demonstrated low interest in mathematics due to non-academic and emotional challenges, such as financial stress and mental health issues, which hindered their ability to focus and engage in the subject. Students exhibited low interest in mathematics, demonstrated through non-verbal cues such as slouching, avoiding eye contact, and disengaging from class discussions or group work. Teachers observed that having a supportive classroom environment, promoting open communication, and using interactive learning strategies, such as real-world applications and case studies, helped improve student participation and engagement. Recognizing the impact of social and emotional factors on learning, such as anxiety and depression, reflected the importance of establishing trust and strong teacher-student relationships to provide both academic and emotional support, which develops students’ motivation and self-confidence in mathematics. Nevertheless, addressing these challenges and incorporating active learning strategies could improve student engagement and learning outcomes in college mathematics.

Objective: Although the significant effects of child life interventions have now been well-documented, few studies have examined the personal and professional characteristics of the individuals who aim to enter the child life profession. The purpose of this convergent, parallel mixed-methods study was to describe the engagement, motivation, and burnout of aspiring child life professionals. Method: Participants completed validated assessments on academic engagement, motivation, and burnout as well as a survey and semi-structured interview about their experiences pursuing child life internship. Results: Analyses indicated emerging child life professionals are highly engaged, mastery-approach oriented individuals who display some signs of burnout, like exhaustion. Academic engagement scores appeared to relate to personal characteristics and experiences, interactive learning experiences, and opportunities to interact with stakeholders, while motivation was related to alignment between personal characteristics and child life work, the desire to prevent distress in pediatric patients, and a hope to contribute to the profession. The cognitive and emotional loads of seeking internship placement were found to contribute to burnout, as well as difficulty accessing information, high financial costs, and limited emotional supports. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that emerging professionals need access to information, financial support, mentorship from academic and clinical professionals, and a community of support to succeed in entering the child life profession. Disclosure Statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Funding Statement: No funding sources were provided by the author(s).

This study provides a critical examination of AI-integrated speed and red-light camera systems through the theoretical lenses of Surveillance Capitalism, the Panopticon Model, Social Control Theory, Technological Determinism, and Structural Violence Theory. While artificial intelligent speed safety cameras demonstrate efficacy in reducing traffic violations and fatalities, this research addresses a critical gap in healthcare literature regarding their broader societal and ethical consequences, including algorithmic bias, data governance failures, and privacy violations that directly impact public trust and health equity. The analysis reveals how machine learning and predictive analytics in automated enforcement create disproportionate burdens on marginalized populations through three specific mechanisms: (1) biased algorithmic design that targets low-income neighborhoods more intensively, (2) punitive traffic fine structures that impose greater relative financial hardship on economically disadvantaged families, and (3) opaque implementation practices that limit community understanding and participation. These patterns perpetuate health disparities by increasing chronic stress, economic instability, and barriers to healthcare access among vulnerable populations. This work’s novel contribution lies in applying four foundational health equity principles to AI-powered traffic enforcement: distributive justice (fair allocation of enforcement across communities), procedural justice (transparent and accountable decision-making processes), recognition justice (acknowledgment of community voices and concerns), and capabilities approach (ensuring enforcement practices do not undermine individuals’ fundamental capabilities for health and wellbeing). Additionally, the study examines three core social justice principles: substantive equality (addressing systemic disadvantages rather than treating all violations identically), participatory parity (ensuring affected communities can participate meaningfully in policy decisions), and non-domination (preventing the arbitrary exercise of state power through automated systems). The study advocates for the development of ethical artificial intelligence governance frameworks that incorporate transparent algorithmic auditing, community driven design processes, and robust oversight mechanisms. These evidence-based recommendations support equitable and trustworthy applications of artificial intelligence that advocate for, rather than undermine, population health and social justice in traffic safety initiatives. A novel contribution of this work lies in its exploration of how artificial intelligence powered speed safety cameras intersect with specific health equity principles in distributive justice, procedural justice, and the capabilities approach, as well as core social justice principles, including substantive equality, participatory parity, and nondomination, in the governance of public infrastructure. The analysis applies distributive justice to examine the fair allocation of enforcement across communities, procedural justice to evaluate transparent decision-making processes, and the capabilities approach to assess whether enforcement practices undermine individuals’ fundamental capabilities for health and wellbeing.

This themed Issue brings together quality articles concerned with the delivery model of social work education and the embedding of core curriculum. Contributions consider, for example, the value of...

Abstract The international literature on women and work calls on scholars to consider geographical, sociocultural, and institutional contexts governing women's employment dynamics over their life course. In Indonesia (and other lower middle‐income regions in Southeast Asia), female labor force participation is lower in urban areas than rural areas. The largest drop‐off occurs after marriage and childbearing. In this article, we argue that class and spatial context matters in examining the relationship between gender norms, gendered mobilities, and employment outcomes in mega‐urban settings. Using qualitative research, we probe beyond conventional demographic studies to explore the dynamics of married women's (decisions to stay, leave, change, or return to) employment in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia's largest urban core. Our participants were discouraged from employment participation by norms that prioritize married women's role as primary caregivers, and spatial and workplace/regulatory constraints. Our analysis underscores how the participants' employment‐related decisions consistently revolve around the concept of opportunity costs, defined as conflicts and tensions arise from mother's time away from children due to gender norms, lack of childcare and flexible formal employment options, and the long working and commuting hours in Greater Jakarta. Economic pressures for women to participate in the labor market are not matched by work–family policies, which are still rooted in entrenched ideals of women as wives and mothers.

AIMS: The aims of this systematic review were to a) identify studies on pre-registration student nurse placement hours, b) appraise the quality of studies to date, and c) synthesise the impact of different placement hours on student nurse competency and outcomes for people who use health services. DESIGN: A mixed method systematic review involving five steps: framing questions, study identification, assessing quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, summarising evidence around major focus areas, and interpreting findings, using thematic synthesis. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies, theses, and reviews in MEDLINE, EmBase, the Education Resources Information Center, the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, PROSPERO, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Web of Science (Social Science Citation Index), and the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database. REVIEW METHODS: The population was pre-registration nurses, and included peer-reviewed studies, theses, and reviews that referred to practice hours, the impact of practice hours on competency, and studies that linked practice hours to health service user outcomes. Searches were imported into Covidence software, with all documents screened independently by two reviewers at the title and abstract and full text stages. All authors independently assessed methodological quality with discussion occurring until consensus was reached. Reporting is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the protocol is registered in PROSPERO. RESULTS: A total of 4958 documents were screened, with 49 articles forming the final dataset. Overall, the literature is characterised by small scale evaluations in single universities, primarily focused on the replacement of practice hours with simulation. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of high-quality evidence to underpin practice placement hours. Given calls to significantly accelerate the graduation of nurses to address crisis-level nursing shortages the lack of a strong evidence base on practice hours warrants global attention.

In this rhetorical analysis, I analyze pro-caregiving advocates, individuals and organizations who are attempting to energize policy change for unpaid family caregiving. I piece together an expansive text that includes online advocacy discourse, public policy statements, and hard copies of organizational promotional materials. Pro-caregiving advocates are attempting to expand shared responsibility for an issue that is traditionally assumed to be private--unpaid family caregiving.\nThroughout this dissertation, I argue that pro-caregiving advocates are standing in the way of their own goals by rhetorically constructing inherent barriers to policy change. Each analysis chapter analyzes a dominant frame that is commonplace in pro-caregiving advocacy rhetoric (i.e., family, crisis, and care) and reveals inherent barriers to shared responsibility. In addition to locating the inherent barriers, each analysis chapter offers suggestions for navigating the barriers using the practical tools of rhetoric. As such, this dissertation will have practical usefulness for other social advocates who are championing a cause assumed to be private.

This article problematizes the dominant assumption in the literature on volunteer work that it is undertaken primarily as a matter of individual choice. Using findings from a qualitative study of volunteers at the not-for-profit organization, the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, it is shown that volunteering exists within a dense web of social relations, especially familial and communal relations, so that volunteering is recursively constituted by structure and agency. The concept of ‘thick volunteering’ is developed to denote how in some cases these social relations, especially when the work involved is dangerous, may make volunteering especially significant.

Typical employment options for people with developmental disabilities are
\ninsufficient. Most employment opportunities that are community-based provide typical
\nworkplace and geographical inclusion but tend not to support social inclusion and
\n"belonging". This study explored the innovative employment alternative of social
\nbusinesses and considered this form of employment for persons with a developmental
\ndisability as a viable avenue for meaningful work and social inclusion. A total of six
\nbusiness partners with a developmental disability were interviewed; two partners from
\nthree separate worker owned businesses. The partners' descriptions of their job and their
\nworkplace composed the interpretative findings. The social businesses provided an
\navenue for this group of people who tend to be segregated in isolated workshops or
\nmarginalized in mainstream work environments and who feel a sense of being "outsiders"
\nto participate in meaningful work in community settings. This group of partners
\ndescribed their job as authentic "work" and discussed the many skills and the work ethic
\nlearned from their employment opportunity. In addition to the instrumental aspects of the
\njob, the partners also discussed the group autonomy and self-determination of being their
\nown "bosses". The partners confidently expressed feeling valued, understood in the
\ncontext of others with similar life experiences, attached to the workplace and connected
\nto a larger community as important outcomes of their businesses. These criteria of social
\ninclusion (Hall, 2010) were complemented by teamwork, friendship and ultimately, with
\na feeling of being genuine "insiders". Replication of this innovative employment model
\nwould be recommended for groups of marginalized people with DD in other geographic
\nareas.