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In recent years, virtual reality and interactive digital simulations have been used in dental education to train dental students before interacting with real patients. Scientific evidence presented the application of virtual technology in dental education and some recent publications suggested that virtual and haptic technologies may have positive effects on dental education outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether virtual technologies have positive effects on dental education outcomes and to explore the attitudes of dental students and educators toward these technologies. A thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE (via EBSCO), The Cochrane Library (via Wiley), Web of Science Core Collection (via Thomson Reuters), and Dentistry and Oral Science source (via EBSCO) using the keywords (student, dental) AND (education, dental) AND (virtual reality) OR (augmented reality) OR (haptics) OR (simulation) AND (dentistry) OR (dental medicine). The quality of the reported information was assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement for systematic reviews. A total of 73 publications were considered for this review. Fifty-two of the selected studies showed significant improvement in educational outcomes and virtual technologies were positively perceived by all the participants. Within the limitations of this review, virtual technology appears to improve education outcomes in dental students. Further studies with larger samples and longer term clinical trials are needed to substantiate this potential positive impact of various virtual technologies on dental education outcomes.

The impact of digital devices and the Internet has generated various changes at social, political, and economic levels, the repercussion of which is a great challenge characterized by the changing and globalized nature of today's society. This demands the development of new skills and new learning models in relation to information and communication technologies. Universities must respond to these social demands in the training of their future professionals. This paper aims to analyze the empirical evidence provided by international studies in the last eleven years, related to the digital literacy of university students, including those pursuing degrees related to the field of education. Our findings highlight the fact that the digital literacy that is offered in universities to graduate/postgraduate students, in addition to treating digital literacy as a central theme, also focuses on perceived and developed self-efficacy. This is done by strengthening competencies related to digital writing and reading, the use of databases, the digital design of content and materials, and the skills to edit, publish or share them on the web, or applications aimed at treating digital literacy as emerging pedagogies and educational innovation. Secondly, we found studies related to digital competencies and use of the Internet, social networks, web 2.0, or the treatment of digital risks and their relationship with digital literacy. Thirdly, we found works that, in addition to focusing on digital literacy, also focused on different psychological constructs such as motivation, commitment, attitudes, or satisfaction. Systematic review registration: https://www.scopus.com/home.uri ; https://www.recursoscientificos.fecyt.es/ .

<span lang="EN-US">Adaptive instruction is a promising solution to the limitations of traditional classroom instruction, which assumes that all students learn in the same way and at the same pace. Adaptive instruction tailors the learning experience to each student’s needs and abilities. Several adaptive instruction tools and platforms exist, including intelligent tutoring systems, learning management systems, mobile apps, AI chatbots, and adaptive machine-learning programs. The Adaptive Instruction of Student Control Theoretical Framework suggests that allowing students to control their use of learning resources leads to better learning outcomes. Implementing adaptive instruction in higher education can be difficult due to faculty buy-in, technical infrastructure, and student motivation. Effective instructional design is crucial for adaptive instruction to support student control and maximize benefits. Overall, instructors must pay attention to student motivation and work to create learning environments that foster motivation, autonomy, and engagement to implement adaptive instruction successfully.</span>

<span>Test, measurement, and evaluation are concepts used in education to explain how the progress of learning and the final learning outcomes of students are assessed. However, the terms are often misused in the field of education, especially in Ghana. The objective of the study was to thoroughly explain the concepts to assist educationists and researchers in the field of education to better apply them in educational discourses. The study also suggests best practices in setting test items in measuring students’ learning outcomes while showing policy directions to assist educationists and researchers in the field of educational evaluation.</span>

This paper seeks to contribute to the emergent literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy in higher education. Specifically, this convergent, mixed methods case study explores the impact of employing Generative AI (GenAI) tools and cyber-social teaching methods on the development of higher education students’ AI literacy. Three 8-week courses on advanced digital technologies for education in a graduate program in the College of Education at a mid-western US university served as the study sites. Data were based on 37 participants’ experiences with two different types of GenAI tools–a GenAI reviewer and GenAI image generator platforms. The application of the GenAI review tool relied on precision fine-tuning and transparency in AI-human interactions, while the AI image generation tools facilitated the participants’ reflection on their learning experiences and AI's role in education. Students’ interaction with both tools was designed to foster their learning regarding GenAI's strengths and limitations, and their responsible application in educational contexts. The findings revealed that the participants appeared to feel more comfortable using GenAI tools after their course experiences. The results also point to the students’ enhanced ability to understand and critically assess the value of AI applications in education. This study contributes to existing work on AI in higher education by introducing a novel pedagogical approach for AI literacy development showcasing the synergy between humans and artificial intelligence.

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to address the gap in comprehensive, real-world applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in education, particularly in higher education settings. Despite the evident potential of GenAI in transforming educational practices, there is a lack of consolidated knowledge about its practical effectiveness and real-world impact. Background: This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review to collate and analyze real-life instances of GenAI applications in higher education, thus providing a nuanced understanding of its practical implementations and measurable outcomes. Methodology: The paper utilizes a systematic literature review methodology, adopting the PRISMA approach complemented by a thematic analysis procedure to ensure a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of the literature. It synthesizes information from relevant articles from 2022 to 2024, focusing on the applications of GenAI in higher education. This analysis covers various aspects, including research settings, analysis scales, data types, collection tools, and analytical methods. Contribution: The paper contributes to the academic community by offering a comprehensive review of GenAI applications in education, highlighting the current precision level of these tools, and providing strategic recommendations for their effective use in academia. Furthermore, the research defines seven specific cases where Gen AI can be utilized as a reference for educational institutions in their adoption strategies. Findings: Key findings include the versatility of GenAI in generating teaching materials, enhancing skill development, supporting student tasks, academic performance evaluation, feedback delivery, and its role as a virtual assistant and in research support. Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners are advised to explore the integration of GenAI for diverse educational purposes, from content creation to student assessment, while being cognizant of its limitations and ethical considerations. Recommendation for Researchers: Future research should focus on addressing the gaps identified, such as the implications of GenAI in research roles, its application in various disciplines, and the exploration of newly developed AI tools tailored to specific educational needs. Impact on Society: The findings of this paper highlight the potential of GenAI in revolutionizing the educational sector, offering personalized learning experiences, and significantly influencing teaching methodologies and student engagement, but it also reveals significant deficiencies of Generative AI, known as hallucinations, which can impact the expected results. Future Research: Subsequent research should explore the evolving capabilities of GenAI models, their impact on various academic disciplines, and the development of pedagogical strategies to optimize their use in education.

<span>This study aimed to evaluate structural models and measurement models of student satisfaction in online learning. This was a quantitative study using a survey research design. Structural model testing was done by examining the relationship between several variables. The variables in question were the learning management system (LMS), admin services, the performance of facilitator lecturers and student satisfaction in learning. The sample used in this study were 149 students. Data analysis was performed using the multivariate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The findings of this study indicated that the facilitator lecturer performance is the variable that has the greatest effect in increasing student satisfaction in online learning. Admin service is another variable that has a positive effect on student satisfaction, both direct and indirect effects. The LMS variable does not show a direct effect on student satisfaction, but the LMS has an indirect effect on student satisfaction through the variable facilitator lecturer performance and admin services.</span>

Sustainable development is acquiring high attendance in higher education. In fact, one of the targets for the Sustainable Development Goals announced by the United Nations in September 2015 aims to ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, thorough education on sustainable development. The current study focuses on the evaluation of individual works based on the sustainable development suggested to students in a subject of the Master’s of Thermal Engineering at the University of Vigo. In addition, a sustainable holistic rubric is presented, which was used to analyze the ability of the students to incorporate sustainability principles in their work. The rubric was based on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the associated targets of the United Nations, more specifically on the Goals 7, 8, 12, and 13. A total of 10 works were evaluated. As a general conclusion, it was found that the students generally do not consider or consider to a lower extent the economic criteria opposite to the environmental, technical, and social dimensions. The environmental sub-criterion were applied to a greater extent in the development of the works. However, the technical and social dimensions were included to a greater or lesser extent depending on the type of work developed.